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Mid-Atlantic Apiculture
Research and Extension Consortium - Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and West Virginia cooperating.
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No. 81, July 1999
WHAT'S INSIDE:
Contribution deadline for November issue - September 15, 1999
View past issues of Bee Aware -
Bee Aware Newsletter - March '99
Bee Aware Newsletter - June '98
Bee Aware Newsletter - February '98
Bee Aware Newsletter - November '98
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FOCUS ON DELMARVA
Delmarva, the peninsula between Delaware & Chesapeake bays, includes 3 counties of Delaware, 9 Maryland
counties (Maryland's Eastern Shore) and 2 Virginia counties. There is scattered fruit including brambles, lots
of cucurbits and scattered other "truck" crops – the major agriculture is broiler (chicken) production
with corn, wheat & soybean crops for processing as chicken feed. There is limited commercial beekeeping but
an estimated 400 hobbyists/sideliners maintain 7000 colonies in the region – about 6000 colonies, about ½
trucked to Delmarva, are used annually for pollination, primarily for cucurbits (cucumber, cantaloupes, pumpkins,
squash and watermelon). The area is an early pollen source with good buildup for colonies from a variety of early
flowering plants (rape is increasingly important). The area generally has good fall sources for overwintering of
colonies (asters, goldenrod, and Bidens spp.). The nectar flow is an early one (May/June – mixture of holly, locust,
tulip poplar, brambles and clovers); July and August are dearth months unless colonies are on pollination sites,
adjacent to lima bean fields or near soybean acreage. Corn, especially sweet corn, represents both pesticide risk
and a summer pollen source.
The Delaware Beekeepers Association has nearly 100 members. They have an annual March meeting and a fall open hive.
Occasionally as this past June they cosponsor a meeting with Maryland beekeepers. Two of the 3 countries (mid State,
Kent and lower county Sussex) have active country beekeeping groups with monthly meetings (except June, July, &
Aug.). New Castle County (closest to Pennsylvania) has the largest number of beekeepers, all suburban – but an
inactive county group. Members frequently attend Chester Co. (PA) or Susquehanna (MD counties of Cecil & Harford)
beekeeper monthly meetings. The state association is active during Ag week (March), maintains a state fair display
(end of July), sponsors an annual short course, has a September honey month activity (usually in conjunction with
a fall open hive), and actively participate in other displays including DE Nature Center (Ashland) and Del. Agric.
museum (Dover) events. There is a NEWSY BEE circulated 4/5 times per year to members and as a newsletter exchange
with other state/regional bee associations.
The University of Delaware has had an extension program in apiculture since the 1940's and bee colonies since the
1950's. Dale Bray covered apiculture (along with many other responsibilities) after extension specialist John Amos
left to become extension apiculturist at VPI. (He completed a survey of Roadside honey outlets in 1939 before leaving.)
Dewey Caron has been extension apiculturist since 1981. Beekeeping courses are taught each spring at the University;
Chuck Mason was the instructor until the early 80's and Dewey Caron since. The lecture course remains a popular
one with 40-50 students taking it each year – 15 to 20 take a lab (practical hands-on) course. Research has been
limited – Dewey has only extension/teaching responsibilities – applied pollination and recently IPM approaches
to mite control have been emphasized. The extension program includes a large number of extension publications and
a web site (http://udel.edu/~dmcaron).
Delaware has maintained an active bee inspection program for over 30 years. Current state apiarist Bob Mitchell,
with assistance of Jeff Brothers, inspects over ½ the registered colonies annually. The program is also
very active in educational programs including State Fair, assisting communities with bee problems/ordinances, monitoring
to avoid Africanized honey bee entry into the state and helping insure adequate colonies for grower pollination
needs.
Maryland Eastern Shore beekeeping activities center around a recent program organized by Entomology technician
Mike Embrey at Wye Research & Education Center. Mike has a limited appointment for apiculture in addition to
his IPM duties. There is a newsletter and bee meetings 2/3 times per year and a web site is being developed. Mike
conducts extension supported research on IPM mite control techniques at Univ. of Maryland apiaries at Wye and at
an experiment station in Salisbury. Earlier research included George Abrams looking at lima bean as a honey producer,
Al Steinhauer who did important studies in the late 1960/early 1970's showing the economic value of honey bees
to growers of cucurbits and Dewey Caron who examined cucurbit and lima bean pollination.
Maryland eastern shore beekeepers are gearing up for EAS 2000 at Salisbury State University next year. EAS was
last at Salisbury 10 years ago – it was at the University of Delaware in 1986 and again in 1997. Queen rearing
has been commercially conducted by at least 3 individuals – most recently with the Yugo hybrid but none is currently
operating. A half dozen large beekeepers provide the largest bulk of pollination services. Colonies are highly
mobile to meet the pollination need as colony numbers are inadequate within the region itself. Apiary inspection
is covered by a regional part-time MD Dept. of Agriculture employee – currently Louie Koski, Jr.
The 2 Virginia counties that make up the lower eastern shore have only a few beekeepers plus a large commercial
beekeeper who overwinters over 1500 colonies on the shore (a good site due to early pollen stores) and returns
(after fruit pollination in the Shenandoah Valley) to pollinate » 6000 acres of cucumbers.
Dewey M. Caron
NOTE: this is the first in a series about beekeeping in the MAAREC region.
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2000 4-H ESSAY CONTEST ANNOUNCEMENT AND RULES
Sponsored by The American Beekeeping Federation, Inc.
AWARDS: Cash Prizes to 3 Top Winners:
1st Place - $250.00
2nd Place - $100.00
3rd Place - $ 50.00
Each State Winner, including the national winners, receives an appropriate book about honey bees, beekeeping or
honey. No MAAREC states participated in last years essay. We can do better!
TOPIC: For the "turn-of-the-century" 2000 essay contest, the essay topic is "Honey Bees and Humans
through the Centuries."
The essayists should explore the variety of ways man has utilized honey bees and their products since the beginning
of this relationship. The essay can touch on the "laundry list" of ways of utilization – or can focus
on one area of utilization and explore it more fully.
SOURCES: Good leads for your research include your school and public libraries, local Beekeepers, your county Extension
agent, your local or state beekeepers association and/or the beekeeping professor at your state's agricultural
college. The ABF web site www.abfnet.org has links to other beekeeping sites. The 1999 winning essays are also
published on abfnet, as are prior years'. The MAAREC site is also a good source http://maarec.cas.psu.edu.
The scope of the research is an essential judging criterion, accounting for 40% of your score. The number of sources
consulted, the authority of the sources, and the variety of the sources are all evaluated.
Personal interviews with beekeepers and others familiar with bees and beekeeping activities are valued sources
of information and should be documented. Sources which are not cited in the endnotes should be listed in a "Resources"
or "Bibliography" list.
Note that "honey bee" is properly spelled as two words, even though many otherwise authoritative references
spell it as one word.
RULES: 1. Contest is open to active 4-H Club members only. 4-H'ers who have previously placed first, second, or
third at the national level are not eligible; other state winners are eligible to re-enter.
2. Requirements (failure to meet any disqualifies) –
Preparation for National Judging: typewritten, double-spaced, on one side of the paper following standard manuscript
format.
Length – the essay proper: 750 to1000 words.
Write on the designated subject only.
All factual statements must be referenced with bibliographical-style endnotes.
A brief biographical sketch of the essayist, including date of birth, gender, complete mailing address, and telephone
number, must accompany the essay.
The word count does not include the endnotes, the bibliography or references, nor the essayist's biographical sketch.
3. Essays will be judged on (a) scope of research – 40%; (b) accuracy – 30%; (c) creativity – 10%; (d) conciseness
– 10%, and (e) logical development of the topic – 10%.
4. Essayists should not forward essays directly to the American Beekeeping Federation office. Each state 4-H Office
is responsible for selecting the state's winner and set their deadline one month earlier Feb. 1, 2000 so judging
can be completed at the state level in time for the winning state essay to be mailed to the ABF office before March
1, 2000. No essay received after March 1 will be considered.
5. Each state may submit only one entry.
6. Final judging and selection of the National winner will be made by the ABF's Essay Committee, whose decision
is final.
7. The National Winner will be announced by May 1, 2000.
8. All National entries become the property of the American Beekeeping Federation, Inc. and may be published or
used as it sees fit. No essay will be returned.
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MAAREC GRANT SUPPORT
Diana Sammataro and Scott Camazine recently submitted a grant request to further support the MAAREC research program.
This request was for development of an IPM approach to mite control under the Food Quality Protection Act. Honey
was not specifically mentioned as a priority under the RFP (request for proposal) so the chances for funding of
the regional proposal are not high. It will take several months of review and evaluation before we will know if
the proposal will be funded or not.
Diana Sammataro and Jennifer Finley requested MAAREC support. Good supporting letters were received from Apiary
Inspectors in NJ, MD, and PA. The Delaware Beekeepers and University of Delaware also wrote to support the IPM
approach. The grant would fund field studies of several IPM combinations to determine if it is possible to reduce
dependency on pesticides to better enable beekeepers to maintain necessary colony numbers/populations to meet pollination
demands while insuring the highest quality honey and beeswax products possible.
SCOUT BEE BADGE IS BACK!
Were you a boy scout? Did you earn the Beekeeping Merit Badge? If so, you were among the 60,000+ boy scouts to
do so in the 80+ years it was offered. Beekeepers, including many who earned the merit badge, were extremely disappointed
in 1996 when, due to low use, the badge was discontinued (only 200 were awarded in that year).
Beekeepers from all over petitioned the Boy Scout Advancement committee to reinstate the badge after it was announced
that it was to be discontinued. Many State, regional and local Associations sent "official" letters and
several individuals began behind-the-scenes maneuvering to seek to reinstate the merit badge. There was a large
outpouring and even a web site campaign to petition for reinstatement.
The Good News is the effort has been successful!! John Dalrymple, Advancement Director announced on Feb. 9, 1999
reinstatement of the Boy Scout Beekeeping Merit Badge. The pamphlet is currently being revised and Boys Life Magazine
will call attention to the reinstatement this fall. The badge itself may even be redesigned. Now beekeepers everywhere
must reestablish efforts to interest and recruit boy scouts so the effort is not in vain.
Scouts that attempt the beekeeping Merit Badge are 11 to 18 years of age. All need a beekeeper for a mentor. This
is not an "easy" merit badge to earn. The current pamphlet (last rewritten 15 years ago) is difficult
to understand – particularly for younger scouts. This is where you come in – boy scouts need mentors so individuals
can get started and to help youngsters learn the basics of beekeeping.
We all speak about a lack of young beekeepers at meetings and among our beekeeping population. Boy Scouts and 4-H
are two excellent opportunities to get youngsters interested and "hooked" on the joys of beekeeping.
It will do no good to reinstate the Beekeeping Merit Badge if we lack participants. Did you know that 4-Hers have
an essay contest in beekeeping? Did you know that no MAAREC state submitted an entry in this contest last year?
Won't you seek to recruit and mentor one or more younger beekeepers this season and next? We need your help!
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PENN STATE/MAAREC MATERIALS
Penn State Extension, in cooperation with MAAREC, has developed several FOR SALE materials to assist beekeepers.
An attractive ad is appearing in the bee journals. Copies of the materials are available for examination in your
state from your MAAREC representative – each state has a Beekeepers organization, regulatory inspector and University
representative to MAAREC.
One item you might find very helpful is the FIELD GUIDE to Honey Bee Parasites, Pests, Predators and Diseases.
This 86 page manual features excellent color photos, laminated pages and a sturdy ring binder. It will very conveniently
fit into a pocket. Text that accompanies the photos will help pinpoint problems you might see in the apiary.
No serious beekeeper should be without this new reference in the apiary. MAAREC recommends you have it handy to
help you respond to challenging beekeeping situations.
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POLLINATION BY TRAILER
Warren Seaver, S&S Apiaries, Dover, DE
At the joint state Delaware/Maryland beekeeper meeting on June 12, 1999, I, along with three other Delmarva beekeepers
who pollinate fruit and vegetable crops with honey bee colonies mounted on trailers or similar devices, conducted
a panel discussion on our successes and failures. Trailers make it easier to move quantities of bees into growers
orchards or fields and we prefer to utilize this method as opposed to the traditional method of labor-intensive
setting off individual colonies. We have found that utilizing groups of colonies of approximately 16 to a trailer,
it is convenient to move colonies quickly into and out of areas where needed. We normally move trailers at night
when the forage bees have returned to their hive and therefore tend to leave few orphans behind. To obtain these
few stragglers, I personally have found that leaving a five frame nuc box behind where the trailer was located
will pick up most, if not all, of those who were left. This box is then picked up the following evening and placed
on the tongue of the trailer which was moved to the new location. Moving the colonies at least two miles away from
the previous location also helps prevent drifting back to the old area.
In a normal summer evening, we often move as many as four trailers from one location to another. This translates
into about six or seven hours of toil depending upon the distances traveled and also the amount of preparation
needed for each trailer and its location in the field. This also means that several hours of scouting must have
taken place during the day prior to moving to determine the new location for the trailers so as not to interfere
with irrigation systems, grower and beekeeper access areas, most effective pollination area and also to place flags
so we will easily see these new locations under the darkness of night. Close communications are required with the
grower to ensure that both of us are in sync as far as planting schedules, irrigation schedules, fertilization
and cultivation schedules. We also need to ensure that the new location is at the beginning of the bloom stage
so that the foragers have crop flowers to visit in place of going to other blooms areas.
With this method, we are moving trailers of bees almost every night from June 15 until October 1. During this period,
our colonies are pollinating cantaloupes, cucumbers, lima beans, pumpkins, squash, and watermelons for several
different growers. Some of us are fortunate to have assistance and believe me it is well appreciated as the hours
can be quite long and tedious especially along about Labor Day. The strength of colonies begins to dwindle as the
season progresses due to the fact that most cucurbits do not yield much nectar and moving the colonies every ten
days or so places stress on the bees so that they consume what stores they have saved. Some colonies must be fed
sugar syrup to survive. Queenless colonies are common because a queen could be inadvertently injured while moving.
We are vigilant for those colonies so that they can be requeened. We are fortunate in Delaware and Maryland to
have State Apiarists who inspect our colonies frequently and inform us if they note a queen failure or other problem.
Pesticide damage is not as prevalent in 1999 as it was a few years ago since most of the applicators have been
educated to the value of honey bees to the bottom line for the grower as well as the beekeeper. We must be ever
vigilant however, to preclude recurrence of a pesticide damage event.
Honey production is not often possible with the colonies utilized in pollination. For that reason, many of us have
additional colonies which are placed in areas of high nectar/pollen flows so that we can achieve a moderate honey
crop. As you can see, our pollinating with trailers methods work, but they also require a lot of effort on all
concerned to ensure a successful season.
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STUDENTS IN THE NEWS
Xiaolong Yang, PhD student in the Penn State Honey Bee Lab, received an Honorable Mention Award at the Penn State
College at Agricultural Sciences Graduate and Undergraduate Research Exhibition. The March 1999 exhibition showcased
student research projects from a wide variety of agricultural disciplines, ranging from agronomy to food science,
and animal sciences to horticulture. Xiaolong presented a poster in the Entomology division. He is studying the
effects that varroa mites have on the activity of the FAD-glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) enzyme in honey bees. In
some insects, the GLD enzyme is important in triggering primitive immune systems to fight off diseases. Xiaolong
compared the activity of GLD in honey bee pupae that had been parasitized by Varroa versus pupae that had no varroa
present in their cells. He found that Varroa mites supressed GLD activity in bee pupae. This matches another recent
finding by other Penn State Bee Lab personnel that showed that adult bees infested with tracheal mites also have
lower levels of GLD activity versus uninfested bees. Supressed GLD activity may impair a parasitized bee's ability
to mount an immune response, making them more susceptible to diseases. It may also contribute to the phenomenon
of parasitic mite syndrome. CONGRATULATIONS to Xiaolong on his excellent poster – he will continue his PhD studies
at Penn State.
Colleen Granger, University of Delaware undergraduate Science and Technology Scholar presented her poster on bee
mite monitoring studies at the University of Delaware April 30th. Colleen was one of 4 students doing research
in Entomology and Applied Ecology and her findings have been included in past BEE AWARE issues. Colleen will be
spending the 1999 summer months in Germany on a scholarship to improve her German language abilities – not in the
bee yard.
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A HIVE MODIFICATION TO REDUCE VARROA POPULATIONS
by J.S. Pettis and H. Shimanuki
USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, Beltsville, MD
Abstract
A simple modification to the hive bottom board was tested as a non-chemical or cultural control method for varroa
mites. Wire mesh hardware cloth was used to replace the majority of the surface area of the bottom board underneath
the brood area, allowing varroa to fall through and potentially excluding them from reentering the colony. Thirty
colonies received no chemical treatment but were fitted with screen bottom boards, sticky boards or normal bottom
boards. Mite fall was monitored in these colonies on a monthly basis and revealed approximately 14% and 28% lower
mite fall in the two modified bottom boards compared to the normal bottom board in June and July, respectively.
However, by September mite levels in all three sets of colonies had reached damaging levels. Thus, the bottom board
modification slowed the growth rate of varroa, but is not sufficient alone. Mite invasion pressure into colonies
was monitored using Apistan® in three colonies and increased in August and September to greater than 100 mites
per colony over a three day period. This level of invasion surely added to the decline of all colonies. A modified
bottom board that allows varroa to fall through and prevents direct contact with bees showed promise in the current
studies by slowing varroa populations and is proposed as cultural control. Additionally, colonies with mesh bottom
boards had significantly more sealed brood than colonies on normal bottom boards, an added benefit to using this
hive modification. The use of a screen bottom board or screen insert in conjunction with resistant lines of bees,
smoke, dusts, or other control agents should provide a more integrated approach to varroa control and could reduce
the number of chemical treatments required.
See Amer. Bee Journal April 1999 for entire publication.
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THE HIVE STAND
Mike Embrey, Wye Research & Extension Center, MD
The main objective of a hive stand is to keep the bee colony off the ground. We do this for several reasons. First
of all, increasing the air circulation will go a long way in extending the life of the colony's bottom board and
in aiding in the overall cooling of the bee colony. Even the best painted or treated wood that is in contact with
the ground will eventually get wet or damp and quickly rot.
Hive stands are important to beekeepers for controlling pest problems. Pests such as carpenter ants and termites
are less likely to nest or feed in the bottom board when it is elevated off the ground. Other pests such as skunks,
raccoons, mice, and toads will have less opportunity to get at a hive when it is off the ground. Stands also aid
in getting the hive away from ground vegetation. Dead bees and trash from the hives makes great fertilizer. Plants
will rapidly take advantage of this and grow rank in front of the hive. The beekeeper would have to spend extra
time cleaning out these plants because if left there the plants would begin to interfere with bee flight activity.
Bee stands also bring the hive closer to the beekeeper making hive work more convenient. The amount of bending
and lifting that a beekeeper needs to do would be minimized when the hive is 15-18 inches off the ground.
What to make a hive stand from is entirely up to the beekeeper. There are as many different types of stands as
beekeepers. An economical way of making a hive stand is by using wooden pallets. A beekeeper can find free pallets
around printing shops, newspaper plants, hardware stores, on farms or in the freebie section of your local paper.
Most of the time the pallets are there for the taking but it is always good politics to ask first.
When the pallet is brought home, the first decision is how many hives are going to be sitting on it. Most pallets
will hold four hives easily with one hive facing in each direction. A beekeeper might find this difficult to work
around. An alternative choice would be to cut the pallet in half so that there is now a hive stand for two hives.
These half pallets are much easier to work with and moving them requires less lifting.
Pressure treated wood in either 2x4's or 4x4's can be used for legs to increase the height of the stand to any
level the beekeeper feels comfortable with. The legs can be attached to the pallet with deck screws. When finished,
place the hive stand in the bee yard with a flat stone or brick under each leg. These stands will last for many
years with a minimum of care and are very cost effective.
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SMALL HIVE BEETLE
The last BEE AWARE included general information on the Small Hive Beetle. At that time (March) the small
hive beetle had been found in 4 southeastern states. By June, 3 MAAREC states have experienced small hive beetles
first hand. With news that small hive beetles had overwintered successfully in Minnesota (within colonies moved
from Florida) all the MAAREC state Apiary Inspectors have been busy looking for the beetles.
Pennsylvania – Jim Steinhauer found 2 separate instances of small hive beetle originating from package bee
shipments into Pennsylvania. The state imposed a quarantine on movement of honey bees into Pennsylvania from any
state where small hive beetles are established unless the bees are certified free of beetles and their larvae.
Agriculture secretary Samuel E. Hayes, Jr. indicated such a quarantine was needed because "a healthy honey
bee population is critical to our apiary industry and to Pennsylvania's fruit and vegetable industry which relies
upon bees to help pollinate plants."
Jim reported "considerable feedback" to a memo sent to all PA beekeepers after the first find of small
hive beetles in packages received in south-central Pennsylvania. The ten PA apiary inspectors are visually checking
all colonies to insure that additional infested packages were not shipped into the state. Beekeepers are required
to destroy or treat colonies with coumaphos if small hive beetles are found infesting colonies.
New Jersey – Grant Stiles has been "extremely busy" with inspections for small hive beetles. A
commercial beekeeper brought colonies from Florida into the state with small hive beetles despite treatment with
coumaphos before entry. Forty colonies (from over 6000 moved from Florida to New Jersey blueberry pollination)
have been isolated in a quarantine yard in Salem Co. for research studies by Jeff Pettis of USDA. The research
will be directed toward developing sampling methods, beetle movement in an apiary and determine how low level adult
infestations will behave under New Jersey conditions. In May a number of packages arrived from South Carolina with
small hive beetles. The packages were distributed widely including into northeastern Pennsylvania.
New Jersey had fortunately had a Beekeeping Advisory Group meeting to discuss treatment protocols to help prevent
establishment and spread of small hive beetles. The treatment protocol established by NJDA after considerable input
by the Advisory group will be: (1) Colonies found with small hive beetle larvae need to be placed in a quarantine
yard approved by NJDA where the infested frames are to be destroyed by either burning, melting, freezing, or fumigating.
The beekeeper must then treat soil around the infested colony or colonies with Guardstar®. (2) Colonies found
with small hive beetle adults are sent to a quarantine yard where the colonies should be treated (optional) with
Coumaphos® and surrounding soil treated (mandatory) with Guardstar. Colonies in quarantine areas will not be
released until the NJDA inspects them and declares them free of SHB.
Maryland – Jeff Pettis of USDA Beltsville established a quarantine facility at Beltsville for small hive
beetle studies. Jeff has traveled to Florida several times for research. Jeff is monitoring for control strategies
at the NJ quarantine facility this summer.
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UPCOMING EVENTS
PSBA '99 Summer Picnic
July 11, 1999. Morris Arboretum,
Montgomery Co.
Contact Jennifer Finley at 814-865-1731
or Harold Jenkins 215-855-5613.
NOTE: Meeting includes rededication of L.L. Langstroth Memorial Bench.
New Jersey Summer Picnic/Auction
July 24, 1999. Bob Harvey's
Contact Cathie Skore 973-579-5864.
Eastern Apiculture Society Conference
& Short Course
July 26-30, 1999. Knoxville, TN.
Contact John Skinner at 423-974-7138
jskinner@utk.edu or Marlene Thomas at 423-376-1838 gleuman@mindspring.com
Delaware Open Hive
Sept. 11, 1999. Redden State Forest.
Contact Dewey Caron 302-831-8883
dmcaron@udel.edu or Bob Mitchell, Del
Dept. of Agr. 800-282-8685. |
APIMONDIA '99
Sept. 12-18, 1999. Vancouver, Canada.
Contact www.apimondia99.ca
West Virginia Fall Meeting
Oct. 1-2, 1999.
Cedar Lake Conf. Center, Ripley
Contact John Campbell 304-478-3675
Maryland MSBA Annual Meeting
Nov. 6, 1999. MDA Annapolis
Contact Dave Simmons
410-734-4188 or Bart Smith,
MDA 410-841-5940
PSBA '99 Winter Meeting
Nov. 12 & 13, 1999.
Country Cupboard, Lewisburg, PA.
Contact Jennifer Finley at 814-865-1731. |
For the latest and best information on each MAAREC local/regional association meeting plus to keep up-to-date
on bee and beekeeping related activities the following state newsletters are your best sources:
Delaware: The NEWSY BEE – published 4/5 times per year (last issue May 1999). Editor Dr. Dewey M. Caron,
University of Delaware, Dept. of Entomology & Appl. Ecology, Newark, DE 19717. Tel. 302-831-8883. dmcaron@udel.edu
Maryland: The BEE LINE – published 4 times per year (last issue May 1999). Editor John D. Moyer, 713 Dooges
Dr., Millersville, MD 21108. This newsletter dates from 1908.
New Jersey: The NEW JERSEY BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION NEWS – published 6 times/year (last issue Jun/July 1999).
Editor Jim Purvel, 609-758-3215, JimP562@aol.com. NOTE: This is an AWARD WINNING
newsletter – it came in as 2nd best of over 30 beekeeping newsletters as judged by A.I. Root Co.
Pennsylvania: THE PENNSYLVANIA BEEKEEPER – published monthly (last issue July 1999). Editor Yvonne Crimbring,
RR 1, Box 315, Canton, PA 17724. Tel. 570-673-8201. An outstanding newsletter loaded with good information including
meeting schedules of the numerous county/regional PA bee associations.
West Virginia: WEST VIRGINIA BEEKEEPERS NEWSLETTER – published 2x/year (Apr./Sept.). Editor John Campbell,
102 First St., Parsons, WV 26287. Tel. 304-478-3675.
Prepared by
Dewey M. Caron
Extension Entomologist
Univ. of Delaware
Newark, DE 19717-1303
302-831-8883
dmcaron@udel.edu
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