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The Pennsylvania State University |
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Department of Entomology |
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University Park, PA |
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Decision-making process based on understanding
pest and host interactions |
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Based on Thresholds |
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Uses multiple Tactics |
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Should be safe, profitable and environmentally
friendly |
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Identify Problem |
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Determine Threshold |
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Assess Options |
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Select and Apply Controls |
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Evaluate Success and Record Results |
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Can be Labor-Intensive |
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No simple answers |
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May not work consistently |
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Mites becoming resistant |
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Comb contamination |
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Pesticide Misuse |
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Diseases associated with mites difficult to
treat |
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Know the life cycles and seasonal rhythms of the
pest(s). |
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Determine when the pests are most susceptible to
treatment. |
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Measure economic threshold |
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Number of mites counted before you have to treat |
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What number do you use? |
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Ether or Sugar Roll |
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Use ether to kill bees/mites |
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Use sugar for live counts |
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Cappings Scratcher |
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Pull up 25-50 drone cells |
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Count mites |
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Sticky board |
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Three day natural mite drop |
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Smoke drop (tobacco) |
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Miticide strip drop |
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Natural
enemies (Biological) |
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Host
resistance / tolerance (Cultural) |
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Modify
environment (Physical) |
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Impair
the pest's reproductive capacity (Genetic) |
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Pesticides (Chemical) |
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Interrupt Mite Cycle |
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Restrict queen |
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Fall Requeening/forager collection |
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Use Special Frames or Cell Sizes |
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Use Mite Reducing Queens |
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Various strains |
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Hygienic queens: commercially available |
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USDA Bee Breeding & Genetics Lab, Baton
Rouge, LA |
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Russian stock |
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Suppression queens (SMR) |
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Other Lines? Natural resistance in AZ |
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Grooming behavior |
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Bees groom more (both mites) e.g. Buckfast |
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Length of post-capping stage |
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Bees pupate in fewer days (less than 12)
(Varroa) |
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Immature mite survival |
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Foundress mites laying fewer eggs? |
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Other mechanisms? |
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Knock off mites onto sticky boards |
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smoke, essential oils, powdered sugar |
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Use screened bottom boards |
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Trap and remove mites in drone brood |
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Heat and
other treatments |
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Mite Behavior |
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Brood attractiveness |
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Low mite fecundity |
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Shorter length of phoretic period |
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Less virulent mites |
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Non-reproductive mites |
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Essential oils for mite knockdown |
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Bay, Origanum, Cajeput and others |
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White Thyme or a Thymol mixture |
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Organic Acids |
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Formic, lactic, oxalic |
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Sucrose Octoanate |
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Other novel chemicals |
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Bio-rational controls needed |
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Hormonal imbalance |
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Life cycle disruptions: |
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Attractants? Deterrents? |
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Desiccation agents |
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Diatomaceous earth |
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Office Phone: (814) 865 1895 |
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Fax: (814) 865 3048 |
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http://www.ento.psu.edu/personnel/newfolder2/frame.htm |
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http://MAAREC.cas.psu.edu |
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Notes